Cross-cultural psychology
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduction Cross-cultural psychology is a broad term for the scientific study of human behavior and mental or cognitive processes among cultures. In general, this field addresses similarities and differences among cultures. According to the American social psychologists Richard Nisbett and Ara Norenzayan, the view that there are differences between cultures (at least for cognitive processes) was not widely held in the twentieth century. Instead, most psychologists assumed that basic cognitive processes were universal—that the fundamental aspects of thinking and perceiving that involve attention, memory, learning, and reasoning operated in the same way among all cultures. Based on their research and that of other scholars, Nisbett and Norenzayan concluded that the basic processes of thinking and behavior develop and are shaped by culture. At the same time, there are aspects of thinking and perceiving that may be innate (genetic or possessed at birth) that limit or constrain how culture can shape thinking and behavior.
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A Cross-Cultural Study about Positive and Negative Emotions and Its Relation to Health and Well-being
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